My homework due at training this evening is an essay about a specific Sutra or "thread" from the book "The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali." The whole of the work is broken up into four books which each contain different Sutras, essentially basic guides for life. We were to choose one Sutra and then write a reaction to it. Below is what I'll turn in tonight (minus the pics!).
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Patanjali: The Man, The Myth, The Yogi |
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Book One, Sutra 33
“Maitri karuna muditopeksanam sukha duhka punyapuna
visayanam bhavanatas citta prasadanam. By
cultivating attitudes of friendliness toward the happy, compassion for the
unhappy, delight in the virtuous, and disregard toward the wicked, the
mind-stuff retains its undisturbed calmness.”
This
Sutra is echoed by the more modern teaching of The Golden Rule, “Do unto others
as you would have done to you.” In the Sutra however, Patanjali breaks down
this idea further by describing the four types of people one may encounter. The
happy, unhappy, virtuous and the wicked must all be treated in certain ways by
the yogi. By treating each type of person appropriately, the yogi may stay
balanced and peaceful in her own mind while addressing those around her in a
positive way.
By
greeting the happy with friendliness, the yogi stays free from jealousy and
negative speculation about the happy person. Friendliness and well wishes basically
ensure those feelings are returned by the happy person, thus creating a
positive experience for both parties. By offering friendliness the yogi also
keeps at bay her own wickedness which otherwise would cloud the mind-stuff and
destroy any chance for calmness and peace.
When
we offer compassion for the unhappy, we show that we are sympathetic to their
feelings of unhappiness, despite the matters of why they have come to be
unhappy in the first place. The yogi does not place blame or judgment on the
unhappy, but offers empathy and mercy towards them. These actions certainly
will not increase unhappiness, and may possibly serve to reverse the feelings
of sorrow and elevate the unhappy to a better emotional position. By offering
compassion, the yogi inadvertently invites compassion to be returned and keeps
a stable, peaceful mind.
Virtuous
people are often envied or resented for their luck and accomplishments. These
feelings stem from inadequacies one feels about themselves. However by treating
the virtuous with delight, as Patanjali suggests, the yogi may in turn learn to
strengthen and grow the virtuous qualities already in their possession. In our
modern culture, the virtuous are often coveted and despised by the jealous and
envious. Some are not able to delight in the success of others, and must then
focus on shortcomings of the virtuous and attempt to tear them down out of
spite. This takes an enormous amount of mental and emotional energy,
distracting the envious from their virtues, successes and delights. The mind
cannot be peaceful and calm when it is poisoned by jealousy and malice.
This
leads us to the final of the four types of people Patanjali describes in this
Sutra, the wicked. According to Patanjali, the yogi is to treat the wicked with
indifference. By doing this, the yogi does not give up her peace or clarity of
mind. The wicked do not want assistance or guidance from the yogi, therefore it
is best that they are treated with indifference. It is likely that at one time
the yogi has acted wickedly, and that must be remembered. Hope the wicked will
recover and become a better person in the future, rather than despising or
engaging them. The wicked will never accept well intentioned advice therefore
the yogi should not offer it lest she lose her own serenity.
Sri
Swami Satchidananda’s commentary on this Sutra asks the reader if she can think
of another type of person not mentioned by Patanjali here. I offer the arrogant
person as an additional character. Arrogance is a corrupted form of pride. The
truly arrogant are most likely overcompensating for feelings of inferiority
despite virtuous accomplishments. They are never pleased with themselves nor do they know how to maintain a serene mind. The arrogant attempt to make those around
them believe an exaggerated version of reality. The arrogant however, are not
truly proud in the pure and positive sense. They are liars who spread
falsehoods to themselves and those around them in an attempt to quell internal
conflict. I believe this type of person should be treated with a combination of
compassion and indifference for all of the same reasons listed in the previous
examples. I agree with Satchidananda that this Sutra in particular is an
important one to keep handy in the mental rolodex. These ideas are basic,
positive ways to treat others which in turn help the yogi to achieve peace,
serenity and calmness within.